Understanding Periodontal Disease

Introduction

Periodontal disease is an infection or inflammation caused by gums and bones that support and surround the teeth. It is commonly known as gum disease, which is majorly caused by adults due to poor hygiene. It generally leads to tooth loss among people which can have a significant impact on the overall health of a person, if untreated. Symptoms may include bad breath, loose teeth, and bleeding, swollen gums. There are many treatments available, depending on the severity of the disease. Periodontal disease can be treated and prevented but due to unawareness of people about its dangers and risks, the right steps are to be taken to reduce its risks. 

In this article, we will explore different symptoms, causes, statistics, and prevention strategies related to periodontal disease. 

What is Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal diseases are an umbrella that is generally used for different range of conditions that affect the gums and overall supporting structure of the teeth which includes the bone. It occurs at the time when the tissues are infected with the buildup of plaque and causes the formation of sticky film bacteria forming on teeth. If plaque on teeth is not removed with the help of oral hygiene, it could lead to gingivitis commonly termed gum inflation and if not treated, the progress is more severe leading to the formation of diseases (periodontitis).

• Gingivitis: this is the earliest stage and mildest form of periodontal disease. It begins with red, puffy, or swollen gums which can even bleed at the time of brushing and flossing. You can easily reverse the situation by taking proper treatment. 
• Periodontitis: it is a severe condition where the infection spreads over the bones and tissues which leads to tooth loss.

Causes of Periodontal Disease

Poor oral hygiene is the primary cause of periodontal diseases as it leads to plaque buildup which contains several bacteria that infect gums directly. Various other factors that contribute in periodontal diseases are as follows-

• Tobacco or smoking is a significant risk factor leading to gum disease. 
• Improper brushing and flossing allow the formation of tartar and plaque.
• Genetics is another condition that makes people prone to gum diseases.
• Gum disease is common among older people as we age, we become more prone to dental issues especially those over age 65.
• Several medical conditions can also lead to an increase in risks of gum disease such as heart disease, diabetes, heart disease, and autoimmune system. 
• Various medications can lead to low production of saliva in mouth which lead to dryness and making people more prone to gum disease. The medication could antihistamines, antidepressants, and blood pressure medications.

Statistics and Impact

The prevalence of periodontal disease is significant, with many people unaware that they are affected. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

• Globally, around 45% of adults aged 30 and older suffer from some form of periodontal disease.
• In the United States, nearly 70% of adults over the age of 65 have periodontitis.
• Severe periodontitis affects approximately 10% of the adult population.
• Studies show that smokers are at two to three times greater risk of developing periodontal disease than non-smokers.

The disease also has a profound impact on overall health. Periodontal disease has been linked to several systemic conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory illnesses.

Symptoms of Periodontal Disease

Early identification of any symptoms of periodontal diseases can help in preventing from its progression easily. The common signs are- 

• Red, swollen, puffy, and tender gums.
• Bleeding of gums easily while brushing or flossing.
• Bad breath and bad taste in mouth consistently.
• Receding gums, where teeth appear longer.
• Teeth becomes loose or changes frequently in a way that fits together at the time of biting.

Treatment and Management

The treatment differs from person to person based on its severity for periodontal diseases-

1. Scaling and Root Planing: A deep cleaning procedure to remove plaque and tartar from below the gumline and smooth the surfaces of the roots.
2. Medications: Antibiotics or antimicrobial mouth rinses may be prescribed to control bacterial infection.
3. Surgical Options: In advanced cases, surgical procedures such as flap surgery or bone grafts may be necessary to restore damaged bone and tissue.

It’s important to note that early detection is critical for effective treatment. Regular dental checkups can catch gum disease in its early stages and help prevent further complications.

Prevention Strategies

Here are some key strategies for maintaining good oral health and reducing the risk:

1. Brush and Floss Regularly

Brushing and flossing prove to be the cornerstones of oral health as they are the key to keeping oral health stable as we age. You need to brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and make sure you use only soft-bristled toothbrushes. Moreover, don’t forget to floss once a day to remove food particles and plaque in your teeth. If you are facing problems while flossing, you should consider several alternatives such as water flossers or an interdental brush to clean it properly.

2. Stay Hydrated

You should keep yourself hydrated by drinking plenty of water especially when you problem with dry mouth. Drinking enough water helps keep your mouth moist and removes away all food particles while diluting harmful acids. You can also go for chewing sugar free gum as it helps in simulating saliva production. 

3. Regular Dental Checkups

You should make your visit on a regular basis to your dentist for examination, cleaning, and detection of any issues in your mouth. It helps in catching any potential problems such as diseases, oral cancer, or cavities before they become severe issues. If you wear dentures, ask your dentist to check their fit to prevent irritation or discomfort.

4. Consider a Nutrient-Rich Diet

Maintaining healthy gums and teeth refers to the maintenance of a balanced diet rich in different aspects such as vitamin D, calcium, and other essential nutrients. Various foods such as fish, leafy greens, and dairy products are rich sources of healthy bones and balance the integrity of teeth. You should also avoid sugary drinks and snacks as they contribute largely to gum disease and tooth decay.

Quit Smoking

Smoking is injurious to health and your dental health is not any exception in it. If you smoke, it is the right time to quit smoking as this is the best thing you can do for your dental health. Smoking leads to tooth loss, oral cancer, and gum disease. If you are not able to quit, seek help from the doctor and ensure your oral health is maintained. 

Conclusion

Periodontal disease is a widespread yet preventable condition that can have a profound impact on both oral and overall health. By understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and adopting preventive measures, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing gum disease. Early intervention and regular dental visits are key to maintaining healthy gums and preventing the more severe stages of periodontal disease.

Take Action: If you notice any symptoms of gum disease, such as bleeding gums or persistent bad breath, don’t wait. Visit Elite Dental Group to get a professional evaluation and prevent the condition from worsening. Your oral health is a crucial part of your overall well-being.